The main aim of this experimental analysis is to understand the effectiveness of Ceramic Waste (CW) in stabilizing the clayey soil. The effect of adding various CW percentages (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) on the geotechnical properties of clayey soil is evaluated by performing a series of laboratory tests like the Atterberg’s limit test, compaction test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, California bearing ratio (CBR) test, and swelling pressure test. Micro-structural analysis including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy are carried out on untreated and treated clay-Ceramic composites. The results obtained indicate that the incorporation of 30% Ceramic Waste in clay soil increase the maximum dry unit weight (γmax) from 17.20 kN/m3 (CL + 0% CW) to 18.25 kN/m3 (CL + 30% CW). The unconfined compressive strength of clayey soil increases with the addition of Ceramic Waste. A maximum UCS of 217 kPa is obtained with 25% Ceramic content, beyond which it starts decreasing. Similarly, increasing trend in CBR results is observed with an increase in the Ceramic Waste content. The increment in CBR is approximately 152% (unsoaked condition) and 142% (soaked condition). At the same time, the addition of Ceramic Waste in clay soil reduces the Atterberg limits, optimum water content (ωopt), and swelling pressure. “It can be concluded from the experimental study that CW can be used as a sustainable alternative soil stabilizer.

An experimental investigation of Sanitary Ceramic Waste (SCW) for use as raw material in the manufacture of vitreous china bodies is presented. The gradual substitution of feldspar by sanitary Ceramic Waste and its effects on the technical and physical properties of sanitary bodies have been studied. The rheological behavior of sanitary slip is improved using Na-electrolyte. The characterization of the fired vitreous bodies at 1230 ◦C shows that 10 wt. % SCW substitution is the ideal value for the composition of a vitreous china body.  FTIR and DRX analyses confirmed that the crystalline phases (quartz and mullite) are stable during the addition of sanitary Ceramic Waste with a significant increase in their intensities. SEM micrographs show an increase in the porosity when the addition of sanitary Ceramic Waste exceeds 10wt. %, as a result of the reduction of the vitrified phase. From physical-mechanical characterization, an improvement in flexural strength (33 to 41MPa), and a reduction in water absorption (0.36 to 0.31 %) were recorded. These positive results open very promising prospects for the valorization of sanitary Ceramic Waste, with many technical, economic, and environmental benefits.

Due to the importance of roads in creating connections between different areas, the issue of road maintenance is always a vital issue for road organizations. One of the most important methods of preventive maintenance of roads is microsurfacing surface treatment. This preventive method reduces energy consumption and long-term maintenance costs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using Waste Ceramic fillers in the microsurfacing mixing design to evaluate its performance. In this regard, first, the physical and chemical properties of stone materials and Waste Ceramic fillers are investigated and then to evaluate the performance of microsurfacing mixture, from 5 different compounds containing zero, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of Waste Ceramic fillers were used in three different levels of bitumen emulsion Asphalt. Samples were measured by wet adhesion tests at 30 and 60 minutes, loaded wheel, and abrasion in wet conditions according to ASTM D6372 instructions. The results showed that the mixtures containing Ceramic fillers meet the requirements of the regulations and improve the microsurfacing performance. Also, among the mixtures, the mixture containing 100% Ceramic fillers compared to the control sample increased the adhesion at 30 and 60 minutes by 30.8 and 33.3%, respectively, improved the abrasion resistance by 62%, and reduced the mixture bleeding by 31 Percent. This mixture has 2% more emulsion bitumen than the control sample to achieve proper adhesion in a given time.

Nowadays, in modern societies, growing activities in construction affairs and their economic development have been resulted construction Wastes and so much demolition in the past three decades. Most of these Wastes have not been treated and therefore caused severe damages to the environment. In this research, after reviewing construction and demolition management methods and their accessories, the selected method, which is proportional with Iran circumstances and can be used as a design technique for disassembly in Waste management, is suggested according to the implemented interviews and questionnaires. In this proposed method, it has been attempted to cover all economic, environmental, technical and social aspects of Waste management in Iran and eliminated defects in methods offered in other studies. The present methodology is somewhat a descriptive manner that shows the recommended idea using sketch-up software, interviews and questionnaires in order to confirm the execution capability of the project. Results showed that design for disassembly (DfD) technique in the field of Ceramic floors, wall tiles and building facades is capable of decreasing environmental pollutions as a result of construction materials and can also increase economic advantages in construct and deconstruct stages until a sustainable construct compatible with the environment is achieved.

In Iran, the increase in migration in the cities and the increase in the construction of buildings has caused a lot of extraction of natural stone mines for the production of concrete. Also, repairing or demolishing dilapidated buildings increases the production of Waste and construction Waste, especially in big cities. Unfortunately, a large amount of these construction Wastes are transferred to the surroundings of the cities as Waste and buried. These two causes cause the sustainability of the environment to face a serious risk. The use of recyclable materials and their reuse in the construction of new materials has many advantages, which include economic savings, reducing the amount of Waste and preserving natural resources such as stone mines. In this research, with the aim of recycling and reusing construction Waste, Ceramic Waste in different volume ratios of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% was used instead of natural sand in self-compacting concrete. Also, in order to increase the quality of rheology and consistency of SCC concrete, zeolite powder was used instead of stone powder. The tests performed include slump flow, V funnel, L box, compressive strength at different ages, concrete durability check against freezing, and concrete failure SEM check. The results of this research showed that adding up to 25% of Ceramic Waste in concrete reduces the 28-day compressive strength by less than 10%. Also, the amount of weight loss and resistance of this design after exposure to 300 cycles of melting and freezing were measured as 3.2% and 5.9%, respectively.

Background and Aim: Metal Ceramic restorations are widely used in crowns. The marginal fitness of these artificial crowns is prone to alteration during the firing cycle of porcelain. Gold electroformed metal-Ceramic restorations have been introduced as alternatives to conventional metal-Ceramic restorations. However little is known about the relationship between procelain firing procedures and marginal adaptation of this type of crown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of firing procedures on the marginal adaptation of electroformed metal-Ceramic crown restoration.Materials & Methods: One steel die was prepared for maxillary molar crowns with deep chamfer finishing line design. Ten standardized gold electroformed copings were fabricated. Marginal discrepancy was measured at four sites along the circumferential margin of each coping (Midbuccal - Midpalatal - Midmesial - Middistal) using SEM (Mag: X400) prior to and after porcelain firing procedure. Data among the 2 different groups (before porcelain firing) were statistically analyzed using the paired t-test (a=0.05) analysis.Results: The marginal discrepancy of the postfiring procedures (21.45±2.27 mm) were significantly greater than those of the prefiring procedures (18.23±1.96 mm) (p<0.002).Conclusion: The porcelain-firing procedures influenced the marginal distortion of electroformed metal-Ceramic crown restorations, but the marginal discrepancies for all copings and examined design are clinically acceptable (less than 100 mm).